Cook the soba noodles. Cook the soba noodles al dente according to package instructions. Drain completely, then rinse with cold water until chilled. Set aside.
Prepare the peanut sauce. Meanwhile, as the noodles are cooking, whisk together all of the peanut sauce ingredients until combined.
Combine everything. In a large mixing bowl, combine the chilled soba noodles, cucumbers, scallions, cilantro, edamame and peanut sauce. Toss until evenly combined. Taste and season with extra soy sauce, if needed.
Serve. Serve immediately, sprinkled with toasted sesame seeds. Or refrigerate in a sealed container for up to 3 days.